Cette affaire d\u00e9bute par l\u2019appel d\u2019offres lanc\u00e9 par le donneur d\u2019ouvrage pour s\u00e9lectionner des \u00e9quipes de professionnelles et professionnels. Des firmes d\u2019architectes forment alors un consortium afin de pr\u00e9senter une offre de services. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les documents d\u2019appel d\u2019offres pr\u00e9voient que les \u00e9quipes s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9es auront \u00e0 la fois le mandat d\u2019\u00e9laborer le concept g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pour l\u2019ensemble du nouvel \u00e9tablissement ainsi que celui de pr\u00e9parer les plans et devis pr\u00e9liminaires afin de pr\u00e9ciser le concept retenu. L\u2019appel d\u2019offres mentionne \u00e9galement que ces \u00e9quipes participeront \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019un budget convenu avec le donneur d\u2019ouvrage pour la r\u00e9alisation du projet, et ce, peu importe le mode de r\u00e9alisation ultimement retenu \u2013 conventionnel avec un contrat d\u2019entreprise \u00e0 forfait ou partenariat public-priv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le consortium qui remporte l\u2019appel d\u2019offres signe quelques mois plus tard la convention de services professionnels. Le donneur d\u2019ouvrage d\u00e9cr\u00e8te ensuite que le projet sera r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en partenariat public-priv\u00e9. Peu de temps apr\u00e8s, il modifie la convention de services en retirant notamment au consortium le mandat de conception g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et de pr\u00e9paration des plans et devis pr\u00e9liminaires. Le r\u00f4le des professionnels et professionnelles est alors r\u00e9duit \u00e0 celui d\u2019accompagnement, ce qui a pour effet de r\u00e9duire de 71 % les prestations contractuelles des architectes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le consortium intente alors un recours judiciaire en pr\u00e9tendant, entre autres, que le donneur d\u2019ouvrage a viol\u00e9 son droit contractuel en se livrant \u00e0 une application d\u00e9raisonnable, excessive et abusive de la clause de modification pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 la convention de services. Il r\u00e9clame des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats afin d\u2019\u00eatre compens\u00e9 pour le pr\u00e9judice r\u00e9sultant du non-respect des modalit\u00e9s pr\u00e9vues aux conventions. Pour sa part, le donneur d\u2019ouvrage pr\u00e9tend que la clause de modification incluse dans la convention lui permettait d\u2019agir comme il l\u2019a fait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le tribunal souligne que la convention de services constitue un contrat d\u2019adh\u00e9sion et qu\u2019elle doit \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e en faveur des professionnelles et professionnels. Il ajoute que les usages enseignent qu\u2019une telle clause permet d\u2019apporter des modifi\u00adcations \u00e0 un contrat, mais n\u2019autorise pas pour autant des changements qui affectent fondamentalement la port\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du contrat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le tribunal r\u00e9f\u00e8re \u00e9galement \u00e0 la d\u00e9finition de \u00ab\u2009changement\u2009\u00bb pr\u00e9vue au contrat, qui se lit comme suit\u2009: \u00ab\u2009Augmentation, suppression ou toutes autres r\u00e9visions qui modifient sans affecter fondamentalement la port\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du contrat [\u2026]\u2009\u00bb. Il conclut alors que cette clause limite toute modification \u00e0 un changement de nature secondaire. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nLe donneur d\u2019ouvrage ne pouvait imposer au consor\u00adtium de signer des contrats radicalement diff\u00e9rents, tout en conservant les clauses qui lui \u00e9taient favorables.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Le tribunal se prononce alors sur la pr\u00e9tention du consortium suivant laquelle le donneur d\u2019ouvrage, en modifiant fondamentalement la con\u00advention de service, a appliqu\u00e9 abusive\u00adment la clause de modification, tout en violant son obligation d\u2019agir de bonne foi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le tribunal \u00e9tablit que l\u2019abus de droit d\u00e9coule notamment de l\u2019exercice d\u00e9raisonnable et excessif d\u2019un droit et est \u00e9troitement li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019obligation d\u2019agir de bonne foi. L\u2019abus de droit qui r\u00e9sulte de l\u2019utilisation abusive d\u2019une clause peut \u00e9maner d\u2019un changement contractuel impos\u00e9 d\u2019une ampleur telle qu\u2019il d\u00e9savantage l\u2019autre partie au point de d\u00e9naturer ou de transformer le contrat, rompant ainsi l\u2019\u00e9quilibre contractuel. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Suivant l\u2019\u00e9tude de la jurisprudence, le tribunal pr\u00e9cise qu\u2019une modification unilat\u00e9rale de l\u2019ordre de 15 % \u00e0 20 % n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessairement abusive, mais qu\u2019au-del\u00e0 de ce seuil, les tribunaux consid\u00e8rent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement que le changement unilat\u00e9ral d\u00e9nature ou transforme le contrat puisqu\u2019il fait alors fi du consen\u00adtement accord\u00e9 par le cocontractant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le tribunal est d\u2019avis que le donneur d\u2019ouvrage ne pouvait imposer au consor\u00adtium de signer des contrats radicalement diff\u00e9rents, tout en conservant les clauses qui lui \u00e9taient favorables, notamment en ce qui concerne le taux horaire r\u00e9glementaire et une clause d\u2019exclusivit\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
En somme, le tribunal conclut que les modifications effectu\u00e9es sont abusives et d\u00e9savantagent les professionnels et professionnelles de fa\u00e7on excessive et d\u00e9raisonnable, allant ainsi \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de la bonne foi. Cette application d\u00e9mesur\u00e9e de la clause de modification \u00e9tait tellement \u00e9loign\u00e9e des obligations essentielles pr\u00e9vues aux conventions de services qu\u2019elle les a d\u00e9natur\u00e9es. Le tribunal arrive m\u00eame \u00e0 la conclusion que cela constitue de la mauvaise foi institutionnelle de la part du donneur d\u2019ouvrage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Avant d\u2019accepter une demande de modification propos\u00e9e par un donneur d\u2019ouvrage, consultez un conseiller ou une conseill\u00e8re juridique.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
La modification unilat\u00e9rale d\u2019un contrat de services professionnels par le client ou la cliente ne peut se faire en toute impunit\u00e9 si elle a pour effet de d\u00e9naturer fondamen\u00adtalement le mandat octroy\u00e9. Ce genre de comportement peut notamment \u00eatre qualifi\u00e9 d\u2019abus de droit et donner lieu \u00e0 une compensation. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019a conclu la Cour sup\u00e9rieure dans une affaire r\u00e9cente concernant la construction d\u2019un nouvel h\u00f4pital. Le donneur d\u2019ouvrage s\u2019est vu condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 verser des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats de plus de 12 M$ \u00e0 des consortiums. De plus, la Cour a conclu que le donneur d\u2019ouvrage a fait preuve de mauvaise foi institutionnelle dans sa conduite.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":594,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"publication-type":[7],"subject":[74],"class_list":["post-593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","publication-type-fiche","subject-responsabilite-professionnelle"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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